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FLAT OPENING 

BLANK BOOKS 

..♦HOW MADE... 

A Descriptive Catalogue 

(with illustrations) 

SHOWING 

THE WELCH SYSTEM 

JF making this popular style of blank books as used 

THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. 
ALSO 

SCALE FOR MAKING UP LEDGERS, 

SHOWING THE DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS FROM 16-SHEET QUIRES TO 

20-SHEET QUIRES, WITH THE INDEX IN FRONT 

AND WITHOUT INDEX. 




INDEX SCALE SHOWING HOW TO DIVIDE LEAVES IN BOOKS FROM 
THE THINNEST TO THE LARGEST BOOK MADE. 

PUBLISHED BY 

R. H. WELCH, 

MANUFACTURER OF BLANK BOOK SPECIALTIES 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 

Copyright. 



M 






Copyright 1896, 

BY R. H. WELCH. 

(All Rights Reserved.) 



SAMPLES. 



SAMPLES SHOWING DIFFERENT KINDS OF GUARDS WILL 
BE FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. SMALL SAMPLE BOOK 
SHOWING WORK COMPLETE WILL BE SENT WITH FIRST OR- 
DER FOR GUARDS, IF REQUESTED, OR FURNISHED TO REGU- 
LAR CUSTOMERS, FREE OF CHARGE. LIBERAL DISCOUNTS 
TO LARGE CONSUMERS OF GUARDS FURNISHED ON APPLI- 
CATION. 

TO AVOID ANY MISTAKE IN ORDERING THESE GOODS, 
KINDLY SEND SAMPLE SHOWING STYLE OF GUARD RE- 
QUIRED. 



SAVING. 



THE DOUBLE GUARD HAS THE ADVANTAGE OVER THE 
SINGLE GUARD IN THAT ONE-HALF THE WHIP-STITCHING 
IS SAVED. 

THE CENTER FOLD OF DOUBLE GUARD REQUIRES NO 
SEWING, AS THE OUTSIDE EDGES ARE WHIP-STITCHED TO- 
GETHER, MAKING ONE "CONTINUOUS CHAIN " FROM THE 
BEGINNING TO THE END OF BOOK, A SAVING OF ONE-HALF 
THE HAND-SEWING OVER THE SINGLE GUARD AS FORMER- 
LY USED, AND GIVING QUITE AS GOOD RESULTS. 



FLAT-OPENING BLANK BOOKS. 

ARE THE STRONGEST AND BEST BLANK BOOK MADE. 

WHY? BECAUSE ALL STRAIN ON THE BACK OF THE 
BOOK IS RELIEVED. THE SECTIONS SIMPLY TURN ON THE 
GUARD AS A HINGE, RELIEVING THE PARCHMENT AND 
HAND-SEWING OF ALL STRAIN. 

BECAUSE YOU CAN V/RITE CLEAR UP TO THE FOLD OF 
SECTION, AND GIVE BETTER SATISFACTION TO YOUR CUS- 
TOMER THAN WITH ANY OTHER BLANK BOOK NOW MADE. 

SAVING OF PAPER. BUY YOUR PAPER CUT FOR FLAT- 
OPENING BOOKS AND SAVE THE DIFFERENCE IN WEIGHT, 
AS YOU DO NOT HAVE TO LEAVE ANY MARGIN IN BACK FOR 
BINDING ROOM, AS IN THE OLD STYLE OF BLANK BOOKS. 
YOU CAN SAVE THE COST OF GUARDS AND FREIGHT BY SO 
DOING. 

THE GUARD AT BACK MAKES UP ITS PROPER WIDTH, 
AND KEEPS YOUR BOOKS UNIFORM IN WIDTH. PAPER FOR 
FLAT-OPENING BLANK BOCKS IS NOW MADE, OR CAN BE~ 
ORDERED, 3-4 INCHES LESS IN WIDTH AND 3-8 INCHES LESS 
IN LENGTH THAN REGULAR SIZE, WHICH MAKES A SAVING 
OF FROM TWO TO THREE POUNDS PER REAM ON DEMY, 
MEDIUM AND DOUBLE CAP PAPER. 



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GUARDS* 

WELCH GUARDS ARE FURNISHED TO THE TRADE PUT 
UP IN ROLLS OF 50 YARDS EACH. 

WIDTH OF CLOTH 29 INCHES. NUMBER OF GUARDS TO 
WIDTH VARY ACCORDING TO WIDTH OF GUARD REQUIRED. 
THEY WILL BE CUT, IF PREFERRED, SINGLE OR DOUBLE, IN 
THE SAME CONTINUOUS FORM, READY TO BE CUT OFF IN 
LENGTH TO FIT ANY BOOK, AS REQUIRED. 

THIS MANNER OF USING THE GOODS AVOIDS ALL 
WASTE, AS GUARDS CAN BE CUT OFF TO SUIT THE WORK 
DESIRED, AVOIDING ANY WASTE OF ENDS, &C, &C. 

GUARDS ARE MADE IN TWELVE DIFFERENT STYLES, IN 
ORDER TO MEET ALL DEMANDS FOR GUARDS NOW IN USE. 
GUARDS NOS. I TO 4 ARE MADE WITH HEAVY DRILL ON ONE 
SIDE, VARYING IN WIDTH ONLY. 

GUARDS NOS. 5 TO 8, INCLUSIVE, ARE MADE SAME 
WIDTH OF FOLD, BUT LINED ON BOTH SIDES WITH THIN 
MUSLIN. 

GUARDS MADE FOR CONTINUOUS FOLD ARE MADE IN 
TWO SIZES, NOS. 9 AND 10, LINED WITH HEAVY DRILL OR 
MUSLIN, AS MAY BE DESIRED. 



TO OPERATE SEWING MACHINE. 

PLACE GUARD IN GUIDE, OPEN SECTION OF PAPER, 
PLACING HEAD OF PAPER OR SECTION TO END OF GUARD, 
MOVING SAME ABOUT THREE INCHES FROM POINT OF 
NEEDLE FROM TOP OF SECTION. THIS WILL ALLOW ABOUT 
THREE GOOD STITCHES. DROP PRESSURE GUIDE ON PAPER 
AND MAKE THE FIRST THREE (3) STITCHES GOING TO HEAD 
OF SECTION, THEN REVERSE THE STITCH OR MACHINE AND 
STITCH TO FOOT OF SECTION; REVERSE AGAIN AND MAKE 
THE THREE DOUBLE STITCHES AT LOWER END OF SECTION : 
CUT OFF THREAD, AND REPEAT SAME UNTIL EVERY SEC- 
TION HAS BEEN SEWED. CONTINUE IN LIKE MANNER 
THROUGHOUT THE BOOK, LAYING OUT FLAT THE SECTIONS 
AS THEY COME IN ORDER FROM THE MACHINE SEWING, 
WITH END PAPERS OPENED SO AS TO PROTECT THE PAPER. 
AFTER MACHINE SEWING, DRAW ALL END THREADS BACK 
TO INSIDE OF GUARD, CUTTING OFF SURPLUS WASTE, AND 
FOLD PAPER AND GUARD TOGETHER, KEEPING THE SEC- 
TIONS IN ORDER SAME AS IN FIRST SEWING. IF BOOK 
SHOULD END WITH A SINGLE OR ODD SECTION, THE OTHER 
HALF OF DOUBLE GUARD CAN BE CUT OFF AFTER THE SEC- 
TION HAS BEEN SEWED THERETO. 



SEWING. 



BOOKS SEWED ON SINGLE OR DOUBLE GUARDS ARE 
WHIPSTITCHED, AND ONLY ONE OR TWO SECTIONS ARE 
HANDLED AT A TIME, AS THE CASE MAY BE. 

THIS MODE OF SEWING FLAT OPENING BLANK BOOKS IS 
THE MOST POPULAR AND GENERALLY USED, AS IT IS THE 
LEAST TROUBLE TO HANDLE THE SECTIONS OF PAPER IN 
BUILDING UP THE BOOK, WHILE IN THE CONTINUOUS SYS- 
TEM YOU HAVE TO CARRY THE BOOK BACK AND FORTH 
AS THE SECTIONS ARE SEWED TO THE CONTINUOUS GUARD, 
UNTIL THE LAST SECTION IS SEWED ON. 

MACHINE SEWING. 

Instructions for Sewing the Double Guard. 

OPEN GUIDE TO RECEIVE THE DOUBLE GUARD, SET- 
TING THE GUIDE SO THAT THE SECTION THAT IS SEWING 
IS ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE OF GUIDE. ALWAYS PLACE 
THE SECTION THAT IS FIRST TO BE SEWED WITH HEAD OF 
SECTION FROM YOU. SEW ON SAME AS FOR SINGLE GUARD. 
REMOVE GUARD AND FIRST SECTION FROM GUIDE; THEN 
PLACE IT IN THE GUIDE WITH HEAD OF SECTION TO OPERA- 
TOR, WHICH BRINGS THE OTHER SIDE OF GUARD IN THE 
SAME POSITION AS THE FIRST ONE WAS FOR SEWING ON 
THE LEFT HAND SIDE. 




WELCH COMBINATION. 

Made 26 inches width of jaws. 




SEWING, 

Hand Sewing, 



MARK BACK OF SECTION ON EDGE OF GUARDS, WITH 
PENCIL, THE PLACE FOR PARCHMENT, DIVIDING OFF SPACE 
THE SAME AS FOR SAWING OUT, ONLY NO SAWING OUT IS 
REQUIRED. SEW END PAPER ON SAME AS FOR FULL-BOUND 
WORK; THEN WHIP-STITCH FIRST OUTSIDE EDGE OF GUARD 
COMING NEXT TO END PAPER; THEN TAKE UP NEXT SET 
OF SECTIONS, SEWING THE TWO OUTSIDE EDGES DOWN TO 
PARCHMENT, INTERLOCKING PREVIOUS STITCHES WITH 
THE SECTION NOW SEWING, CONTINUOUSLY THROUGH THE 
BOOK UNTIL COMPLETED. 



PRESSING SECTIONS. 



AFTER BOOK HAS BEEN SEWED ON SEWING MACHINE, 
AND ENDS OF THREADS HAVE BEEN DRAWN BACK AND 
SECTIONS PROPERLY PLACED BETWEEN END PAPERS FOR 
HAND SEWING, BOOK MUST BE PLACED IN PRESS IN ORDER 
TO REDUCE THE SWELL IN THE BACK OF SECTIONS AND 
GUARDS; ALSO MAKES THE BOOK SOLID AND COMPACT FOR 
THE HAND SEWING WHICH FOLLOWS. SEE THE WELCH 
COMBINATION PRESS AND JOB BACKER, WHICH CAN BE 
USED FOR ALL FORWARDING WORK, AND IS QUICK PRESSING 
FOR LIGHT WORK OF ALL KINDS. 



FOLDING PAPER. 

Thickness of Sections, &o, &c. 



FOLD SECTIONS OF PAPER TO CORRESPOND WITH THICK- 
NESS OF GUARD. PAPER FOLDED IN FIVE-SHEET SECTIONS 
CORRESPONDS WITH ALL LEDGER PAPERS NOT EXCEEDING 
40 POUNDS MEDIUM IN WEIGHT. SIX-SH EET SECTIONS WILL 
CORRESPOND WITH ALL PAPERS UNDER 36 POUNDS MEDIUM 
IN WEIGHT. OVER 40-POUND PAPER, FOUR SHEETS TO THE 
SECTION. GUARDS NOS. I TO 4, LINED WITH HEAVY DRILL 
ON ONE SIDE, WILL CORRESPOND IN THICKNESS TO SEC- 
TIONS AS ENUMERATED ABOVE. GUARDS LINED WITH 
THIN MUSLIN ON BOTH SIDES, WHILE THEY DO NOT FOLD 
BACK AS READILY, CORRESPOND IN THICKNESS TO THE 
DRILL ON ONE SIDE. 



THICKNESS OF BOOKS. 

GUARDS ARE USED WIDE OR NARROW, ACCORDING TO 
THICKNESS OF BOOK. GUARDS NOS. 1 AND 4 ARE GEN- 
ERALLY USED FOR ALL BOOKS NOT EXCEEDING MEDIUM IN 
SIZE AND TEN QUIRES IN THICKNESS. GUARD NO. 3 IS 
GENERALLY USED FOR ALL BOOKS EXCEEDING TEN QUIRES 
IN THICKNESS, AS BOOKS OF THAT CLASS REQUIRE MORE 
ROOM TO TURN SECTIONS ON AND OBTAIN FLAT-OPENING 
RESULTS. 



BANDS* 



STRAW BOARD IS USED FOR BANDS; SAME ARE MADE 
BY ROLLING THE SHEETS UP IN TUBES, AS IT WILL CUT 
WELL WITH A SAW AND LEAVE NO BURR ON EDGE. (A CIR- 
CLE OR BAND SAW WILL CUT IT CLEAN AND SMOOTH.) 

THE STRAW BOARD TUBES ARE THEN SPLIT IN HALF 
AND GLUED ON THE INSIDE, SO AS TO READILY STICK TO 
BACK WHEN DAMPENED. 

THE HALF-TUBES ARE THEN SAWED TO WIDTH DE- 
SIRED, AND THE PROPER SIZE BANDS WILL BE OBTAINED. 



BACKS, 



BACKS ARE CUT UP IN QUANTITY IN THE CUTTING 
MACHINE UNTIL ALL SIZES ARE ON HAND, THE AMOUNT 
OF EACH BEING GOVERNED BY THE SIZE MOST USED, 6 AND 
8 QUIRES BEING THE ONES USUALLY IN DEMAND. 

BACKS ARE THEN FORMED, USING THE OLD FORMING 
IRON IF PREFERRED, BUT A MUCH BETTER AND QUICKER 
WAY IS TO USE THE SANBORN BACK FORMER, WHICH DOES 
THE WORK QUICKLY AND UNIFORM THROUGHOUT, AFTER 
WHICH THEY ARE LINED WITH PAPER AND ARE NOW 
READY FOR THE BANDS. 



FORWARDING. 



WHERE THE AMOUNT OF WORK WILL JUSTIFY, FOR- 
WARDING SHOULD BE DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS. THE 
TRIMMING, ROUNDING AND STRAPPING CONSTITUTING ONE 
PART, THE FORWARDING THE OTHER. IT IS DIVIDED IN 
THIS WAY FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF COST, AND TO MAKE 
A SAVING BETWEEN THE TWO, AS AN APPRENTICE CAN 
PREPARE THE WORK FOR THE FORWARDER, WHICH MAKES 
A SAVING IN FORWARDING AND AN INCREASE IN THE 
AMOUNT OF WORK PER DAY. 

PIECE WORK. 

WHERE THE BACKS ARE MADE SEPARATE, NO DIF- 
FICULTY IS FOUND IN CARRYING OUT THE FOLLOWING 
PLAN: FORWARDER TAKES HIS BOOKS ROUNDED AND 
STRAPPED. BOARDS ARE MADE AND TRIMMED, AND ALL 
HE HAS TO DO IS TO PUT ON THE BACK AND THE LEATHER 
OVER THAT. HE CAN THEN TURN OUT THE FOLLOWING 
AMOUNT OF WORK PER DAY: 14 %-R.; 12 K-R.; 8 E. & B. ; 
10 EXTRA; FULL BOUND CORNERS, SAME AMOUNT AS %-R. 




A»*> 

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FINISHING BACKS* 



ROLLS, WHEN CUT WITH A FULL DESIGN, COVERING 
THAT PORTION OF THE BACK, COMPLETE, ARE A GREAT SAV- 
ING IN TIME, AS YOU HAVE BUT ONCE TO GO OVER EACH 
HUB, AND THE RESULT IS A COMPLETE AND PERFECT FIN- 
ISH, AS IF IT HAD BEEN EMBOSSED. THE SAME RESULT 
CANNOT BE HAD BY SINGLE FILLETS AND LINES TO COM- 
PARE WITH IT IN ANY WAY, A SAVING, AND AT THE SAME 
TIME AN IMPROVEMENT WHICH SHOWS FOR ITSELF. 



FINISHING SIDES. 



FULL RUSSIA SIDES SHOULD BE STAMPED WITH A DE- 
SIGN COVERING THE SIDE, AND WITH AN INK THAT HAR- 
MONIZES WITH THE MATERIAL USED IN THE COVER. IF IT 
IS LEATHER, THEN A FANCY LINE OF GOLD AROUND THAT 
GIVES A VERY GOOD EFFECT, AND AT THE SAME TIME 
CHEAPENS THE COST OF FINISHING AND GIVES YOU THE 
FINEST BLANK BOOK AT THE LEAST POSSIBLE COST. 



CUTTING STOCK. 

ALL FULL-BOUND EXTRA WORK SHOULD BE CUT IN ONE 
PIECE OF LEATHER (COW HIDE), AS IT IS A SAVING OF MA- 
TERIAL AND TIME IN PUTTING ON THE COVER. NO FLESH- 
ERS, NO PATCHING, NO PARING OR TITLES ARE REQUIRED, 
AND THE RESULT IS A FULL RUSSIA HIGHER GRADE BOOK, 
WHICH CAN BE FINISHED WITH LESS EXPENSE, AS SHOWN 
IN FINISHING NOTES 

IF STOCK IS PURCHASED IN HIDES, IN PLACE OF SIDES, 
A BETTER CUTTING SURFACE IS PRESENTED. MtL PIECES 
LEFT FROM FULL-BOUND EXTRA WORK SHOULD BE USED 
UP ON 1-2 R., 3-4 R., AND E. & B. WORK. 

ANY MATERIAL THAT IS PUT ON IN ONE PIECE MAKES 
A GREAT SAVING OVER WORK THAT IS PUT TOGETHER WITH 
PIECES, AND LEAVES NO EDGES TO CATCH AND RUB UP, 
AND TITLES TO FALL OFF OR GET RAGGED. 

MOLE SKIN (CLOTH) MAKES A VERY GOOD COMMERCIAL 
BINDING WHEN BOUND WITH THE EXTRA BACK, AND 
GIVES GENERAL SATISFACTION AND COSTS NO MORE THAN 
3-4 R. 



STRAPPING. 



USE LEPAGE'S FISH CLUE OR THICK PASTE IN STRAP- 
PING. A GOOD SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER STRAPPING MAY 
BE HAD BY THE USE OF CANTON FLANNEL, AS THE STRAPS 
MAY BE PUT ON IN ONE PIECE, MAKING QUITE A SAVING 
OF TIME AND MATERIAL, AS NO PARING OF EDGES IS RE- 
QUIRED AND GOOD RESULTS ARE OBAINED. THE FLANNEL 
SIDE ADHERES TO EDGE OF GUARDS, MAKING A SOLID AND 
COMPACT BACK. THIS STYLE OF STRAPPINC IS DESIRABLE 
WHERE LARGE QUANTITIES OF STOCK BOOKS ARE MADE. 



ROUNDING. 



LINE WITH THIN MUSLIN BETWEEN END PAPERS AND 
FIRST GUARD; CUT BOOK ON FRONT SAME AS ANY BLANK 
BOOK; PASTE BACK, OR USE LEPAGE'S FISH GLUE, WORKING 
IT IN WELL BETWEEN EDGES OF GUARDS ON BACK, SO THAT 
WHEN DRY A SOLID ELASTIC BACK IS FORMED. ROUND 
BEFORE QUITE DRY, AND PRESS WITH BACK BETWEEN 
BOARDS OVER NIGHT. 



SCALE FOR INDEXING BOOKS. 



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SCALE FOR INDEXING BOOKS. 





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PAPER FOLDED. 

Three -Sheet Sections give the following results 



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504 


58 


696 


74 


888 


11 


132 


27 


324 


43 


516 


59 


708 


75 


900 


12 


144 


28 


330 


44 


528 


60 


720 


7<i 


912 


13 


156 


29 


348 


45 


540 


Gl 


732 


77 


924 


14 


168 


30 


360 


46 


552 


62 


744 


78 


936 


15 


180 


31 


372 


47 


564 


63 


756 


79 


948 


16 


192 
1 


32 


384 


48 


576 


64 


768 
1 


80 


960 



PAPER FOLDED. 



& 



Four-Sheet Sections give the following results 



tn 

PI 

.2 

o 

V 

CO 


Ph 


a 

.2 

u 

V 

CO 


tr. 

V 

be 

Ph 


to 

a 
.2 


6 
bn 
aJ 
Ph 


en 

a 

.2 

a 

<u 


U3 

Pm 


a 
_o 

V 
CO 


be 
cd 
Ph 


1 


16 


17 


272 


33 


528 


49 


784 


65 


1040 


2 


32 


18 


288 


34 


544 


50 


800 


66 


1056 


3 


48 


19 


304 


35 


560 


51 


816 


67 


1072 


4 


64 


20 


320 


36 


576 


52 


832 


68 


1088 


5 


80 


21 


336 


37 


592 


53 


848 


69 


1104 


6 


j 96 


22 


352 


38 


608 


54 


864 


70 


1120 


7 


112 


23 


368 


39 


624 


55 


880 


71 


1136 


8 


128 


24 


384 


40 


640 


56 


896 


72 


1152 


9 


144 


25 


400 


41 


656 


57 


912 


73 


1168 


10 


160 


26 


416 


42 


672 


58 


928 


74 


1184 


11 


176 


27 


432 


43 


688 


59 


944 


75 


1200 


12 


192 


28 


448 


44 


704 


60 


960 


76 


1216 


13 


208 


29 


464 


45 


720 


61 


976 


77 


1232 


14 


224 


30 


480 


46 


736 


62 


992 


78 


1248 


15 


240 


31 


496 


47 


752 


63 


1008 


79 


1264 


16 


256 


32 




512 

1 1 


48 


768 


64 


1024 


80 


1280 
1 ' 



PAPER FOLDED, 



Five -Sheet Sections give the following results: 



■s. 

a 


u 

V 
CO 


■j. 

V 

cd 


.2 

o 
II 

CO 


■s. 

u 
H 

cC 


■t. 

S 

CJ 

CO 


I — 

■j. 

HI 

n 

a 


a 

.2 

V 
CO 


■j. 
a 


■i. 

s 

_0 

o 

V 
CO 


s. 

Ah 


1 


20 


17 


340 


33 


6(50 


49 


980 


65 


1300 


2 


40 


18 


360 


34 


680 


50 


ll II 10 


66 


1320 


3 


60 


19 


380 


35 


700 


51 


1020 


67 


1340 


4 


80 


20 


400 


36 


720 


52 


1040 


68 


1360 


5 


100 


21 


420 


37 


740 


53 


1060 


69 


1380 


6 


120 


22 


440 


38 


760 


54 


10SO 


70 


1400 


7 


140 


23 


460 


39 


780 


55 


1100 


71 


1420 


8 


160 


24 


480 


40 


800 


56 


1120 


72 


1440 


9 


180 


25 


500 


41 


820 


57 


1140 


73 


1460 


10 


200 


26 


520 


42 


840 


58 


1160 


74 


1480 


11 


220 


27 


540 


43 


860 


59 


1180 


75 


1500 


; 12 


240 


28 


560 


44 


880 


60 


1200 


76 


1520 


13 


260 


29 


580 


45 


900 


61 


1220 


77 


1540 


14 


280 


30 


600 


46 


920 


62 


1240 


78 


1560 


15 


300 


31 


620 


47 


940 


63 


1260 


79 


1580 


16 

■ i 


320 

i 


32 

1 1 


640 


48 



960 

^_ 


64 


1280 

i 1 


80 
1 


Kino 





PAPER FOLDED. 



Six -Sheet Sections give the following results 



a 
o 

o 


cd 

Ph 


■Ji 

s 
o 

u 

V 


bt 

cd 

Ph 


03 

a 

o 
a} 


■Ji 

$1 

Ph 


03 

s 
.2 

V 

'J) 


s. 

V 

ho 


a; 

_o 

V 


r/i 

V 

be 

cd 
Ph 


1 


24 


17 


408 


33 


792 


49 


1176 


65 


1560 


2 


48 


18 


432 


34 


816 


50 


1200 


66 


1584 


3 


72 


19 


456 


35 


840 


51 


1224 


67 


1608 


4 


96 


20 


480 


36 


864 


52 


1248 


68 


1632 


5 


120 


21 


504 


37 


888 


53 


1272 


69 


1656 


6 


144 


22 


528 


38 


912 


54 


1296 


70 


1680 


7 


168 


23 


552 


39 


936 


55 


1320 


71 


1704 


8 


192 


24 


576 


40 


960 


56 


1344 


72 


1728 


9 


216 


25 


600 


41 


984 


57 


1368 


73 


1752 


10 


240 


26 


624 


42 


1008 


58 


1392 


74 


1776 


11 


264 


27 


648 


43 


1032 


59 


1416 


75 


1800 


12 


288 


28 


672 


44 


1056 


60 


1440 


76 


1824 


13 


312 


29 


696 


45 


1080 


61 


1464 


77 


1848 


14 


336 


30 


720 


46 


1104 


62 


1488 


78 


1872 


15 


360 


31 


744 


47 


1128 


63 


1512 


79 


1896 


16 
» 


384 

1 


32 


768 
\ 


48 


1152 


64 


1536 

-» 


80 

1 


1920 
i 11 



PAPER FOLDED, 



Seven -Sheet Sections give the following results 





C 

.2 

o 

V 

■r. 


ii 


r. 
O 

o 

V 

f. 


V 


s. 

o 
u 

T. 


1 

ed 


s. 
O 

o 

1/ 

X 


u 
bl 

« 
- 




1 


28 


17 


476 


33 


924 


49 


1372 




2 


56 


18 


504 


34 


952 


50 


1400 




3 


84 


19 


532 


. 35 


980 


51 


1428 




4 


112 


20 


560 


36 


1008 


52 


1456 






5 


140 


21 


588 


37 


1036 


53 


1484 






6 


168 


22 


616 


38 


1064 


54 


1512 






7 


196 


23 


644 


39 


1092 


55 


1540 






8 


224 


24 


672 


40 


1120 


56 


1568 






9 


252 


25 


700 


41 


1148 


57 


1596 






10 


280 


26 


728 


42 


1176 


58 


1624 






11 


308 


27 


756 


43 


1204 


59 


1652 






12 


336 


28 


784 


44 


1232 


60 


1680 






13 


364 


29 


812 


45 


1260 


01 


1708 




14 


392 


30 


840 


46 


1288 


62 


1736 






15 


420 


31 


868 


47 


1316 


63 


1764 






16 


448 


32 


896 


48 



1344 

t— 1 


64 




1792 

. 1. 



JOURNALS, CASH, Etc., Etc. 



5 Sheets to Section. 16 Sheet Quires. 



Quires. 


Sections. 


.Sheets. 


Pages. 


2 


6 


2 


128 


3 


9 


3 


192 


4 


12 


4 


256 


5 


16 





320 


6 


19 


1 


384 


7 


22 


2 


448 


8 


25 


3 


512 


9 


28 


4 


576 


10 


32 





640 


11 


35 


1 


704 


12 


38 


2 


768 



JOURNALS, CASH, Etc, Etc 



5 Sheets to Section. 18 Sheet Quires. 



Quires. 


Sections. 


Sheets. 


Pages. 


1 


3 


3 


72 


2 


7 


1 


144 


3 


10 


4 


216 


4 


14 


2 


288 


5 


18 





360 


6 


21 


3 


432 


7 


25 


1 


504 


8 


28 


4 


576 


9 


32 


2 


648 


10 


36 





720 


11 


39 


3 


792 


12 


43 


1 


864 



The above scale is used generally for stock work, and all 
work made up less than 20 sheet quires. 



LEDGERS, 



2 1 Account. 
Scale, \ | 2 Accounts. [-4-Sheet Sections. 20-Sheet Quires. 
I 3 Accounts 



Quires. 


1 Account 
Section. 


2 Accounts 
Sections. 


3 Accounts 
Sections. 


Pages. 


2 


5 


3 


2 


160 


3 


8 


5 


2 


240 


4 


10 


6 


4 


320 


5 


13 


7 


5 


400 


6 


15 


9 


6 


480 


7 


18 


10 


7 


560 


8 


20 


12 


8 


640 


9 


23 


13 


9 


720 


10 


25 


15 


10 


800 


11 


28 


16 


11 


880 


12 


30 


18 


12 


960 



For additional number of quires 

Add 6 and 7 for 13 quires. 
Double 7 for 14 
Add 7 and 8 for 15 
Double 8 for 16 
Add 8 and 9 for 17 
Double 9 for 1 8 
Etc., Etc. 



LEDGERS. 



1 Account. 
Scale, 1 f 2 Accounts, 
t 3 Accounts. 



4 -Sheet Sections. 20 -Sheet Quires. 
Index in Front. 



03 


i— i 


1 Account. 


2 Accou 


nts. 


3 Accounts. 


X 




m 

.2 « 

- 


a 

.2 

o 
11 


o3 


o % 


2 


6 


4 2 


2 


2 


1 2 


136 


160 


3 


6 


7 


4 





2 2 


216 


240 


4 


6 


9 


5 


3 


3 


3 


296 


320 


5 


6 


11 3 


7 





4 


3 


376 


400 


6 


6 


14 1 


8 


2 


5 


3 


456 


480 


7 


12 


16 


9 


2 


6 


2 


512 


560 


8 


12 


18 2 


11 





7 


2 


592 


640 


9 


12 


21 


12 


2 


8 


2 


672 


720 


10 


12 


23 2 


14 • 





9 


2 


752 


800 


11 


12 


26 





15 


2 


10 


2 


832 


880 


12 


12 


28 


2 


17 





11 


2 


912 


960 



For additional number of quires : 

Add 6 and 7 for 13 quires. 
Double 7 for 14 
Add 7 and 8 for 15 
Double 8 for 16 
Add 8 and 9 for 17 
Double 9 for 18 
Etc., Etc. 



LEDGERS. 



Scale, 



;£ 1 Accou 
| 2 Accou 
f 3 Accou 



Account. 

nts. [ Sheet Sections. 
Accounts. 



20-Sheet Quires. 



Quires. 


1 Account 
Section. 


2 Accounts 
Sections. 


3 Accounts 
Sections. 


Pages. 


2 


4 


2i 


U 


160 


3 


6 


31 


21 


240 


4 


8 


5 


3 


320 


5 


10 


6 


4 


400 


6 


12 


7 


5 


480 


7 


14 


9 


5 


560 


8 


16 


10 


6 


640 


9 


18 


11 


7 


720 


10 


20 


12 


8 


800 


11 


22 


13 


9 


880 


12 


24 


14 


10 


960 , 



For additional number of quires : 

Add 6 and 7 for 13 quires. 
Double 7 for 14 
Add 7 and 8 for 15 
Double 8 for 16 
Add 8 and 9 for 17 
Double 9 for 18 
Etc., Etc. 



LEDGERS. 



Scale, 



f £ 1 Ac 
\ t 2 Ac 
U 3 Ac 



Account. 

Accounts. 

Accounts. 



# 



5 -Sheet Sections. 20 -Sheet Quires. 
Index in Front. 



■J) 

V 

u 

'a 
a 


S3 


1 Account. 


2 Accounts. 


3 Accounts. 


M 
bat-" 

D-t 10 

h4 


• a • 

in." M 

6jo a-d 

^ a M 


to 

.2 t) 


.2 v 

02 


CO 

_o 

u 

V 
CO 




2 


6 


3 2 


2 l 


1 


1 


136 


160 


3 


6 


5 2 


3 2 


2 





216 


240 


4 


6 


7 2 


4 3 


2 


4 


296 


320 


5 


6 


.9 | 2 


5 3 


3 4 


376 


400 


6 


6 


11 2 


6 3 


4 4 


456 


480 


7 


12 


12 4 


8 ^ 1 


4 3 


512 


560 


8 


12 


14 4 


9 1 


5 


3 


592 


640 


9 


12 


16 4 


10 


1 


6 


3 


672 


720 


10 


12 


18 4 


11 


1 


7 


3 


752 


800 


11 


12 


20 4 


12 


1 


8 3 


832 


880 


12 


12 


22 | 4 


13 , 


9 , 3 


912 


960 



For additional number of quires: 

Add 6 and 7 for 13 quires. 
Double 7 for 14 
Add 7 and 8 for 15 " 
Double 8 for 16 
Add 8 and 9 for 17 
Double 9 for 18 
Etc., Etc. 



LEDGERS. 



| a Accounts. I 5 " Sheet Actions. 16-Sheet Quires. 
| 3 Accounts, j Ill(lex m Front - 



if. 

- 
u 

5 




1 Account. 


2 Accounts. 


3 Accounts. 


(0 

v a 


Pages. 
Including 

Index. 


X 


u 


<f. 

v 

CO 



u 

U 

to 


4J 
CO 


s. 

.2 

u 


V 

X 

co 


2 


6 


2 


3 


1 


3 


1 





104 


128 


3 


6. 


4 


2 


2 


2 


1 


3 


172 


172 


4 


6 


5 


4 


3 


2 


2 


•2 


232 


256 


5 


6 


7 


2 


4 


2 


3 





296 


320 


6 


6 


8 


4 


5 


2 


3 


\ 


360 


384 # 


7 


12 


10 





5 


3 


4 


2 


400 


448 


8 


12 


11 


3 


7 





4 


3 


464 


512 


9 


12 


13 


• ' 


8 


5 


2 


528 


576 


10 


12 


14 


3 


9 





6 





592 


640 


11 


12 


16 


1 


9 


4 


6 


4 


656 


704 


12 


V2 


JI | I 


10 4 


-U 3 


720 


768 



The above scale is used for stock work, and all work 
made up in less than 18 sheet quires. 






LEDGERS, 



£ 



2 1 Account. 
Scale, ■{ f 2 Accounts. 
f 3 Accounts.. 



5-Sheet Sections. 18-Sheet Quires. 
Index in Front. 



.8 

a 


X 

a 


1 Account. 


2 Accounts. 


3 Accounts. 


ban 

Oh 03 


to 

to.S x 


tr. 

.2 $ 


.2 v 


to 

S to 

.2 tJ 

1 a 


2 


6 


3 


1 4 


1 1 


120 


144 


3 


6 


.5 


3 


1 3 


192 


216 


4 


6 


6 3 


.4 


2 


3 


264 


288 


5 


6 


8 2 


5 


3 


2 


336 


360 


6 


6 


10 2 


6 


4 





408 


432 


7 


12 


12 


6 4 


4 


456 


504 


8 


12 


13 


8 


5 2 


528 


576 


9 


12 


15 





9 


6 





600 


648 


10 


12 


16 3 


10 


7 





672 


720 


11 


12 


18 4 


11 


7 


2 


744 


792 


12 


12 


20 2 


12 


8 





816 


864 



The above scale is used generally for stock work, and all 
work made up less than 20 sheet quires. 




vm,. 



Mi 



>1 >: ■♦; 



♦ .+ g > ♦ + ■ .♦ ♦ ♦ .♦ ♦..«.♦ 



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^. 



^^m^aiasgsssssss^^ 




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■....: ■■1 l ^...:i f/^ i 



WT 








^T* 5 


) 


r 

1L 




I 



*.. 



34 7- 9 



taA 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



1111 

021 928 375 1 



